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Software Quality Assurance in software engineering

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Software Quality Assurance (SQA):-  SQA is a set of activity assuring quality in software engineering process. Altimetry result in quality in software products. It include a following activities:- Process definition & implementation Auditing  Training  SQA is a process that insure hat developed software needs & compiles with defined or standardized quality specification. SQA is an on going process with in the SDLC that routinely checks the developed software to insure its needs desired quality measured. SQA helps to insure the development of high quality software. SQA practices are implementation in most type of software development regardless of underline software development model are being used. In a border sense SQA incorporate an implement software testing methodology to test software. SQA process test for quality in each phase of development until the software is completed. SQA genially works on one or more industries standards that helps in building softwar...
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OSI model, TCP/IP model in computer network

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 OSI Model:- It has 7 layer. Transport layer guarantees the delivery of data. It is less reliable. OSI is a general model. Follows horizontal approach.   Its has a separate presentation layer. OSI has problem of fitting the protocol in the model. Protocol are hidden in OSI model & are easily replaced as the technology change. Networks layer of OSI model provided both connection less service. OSI model separate interface & protocol clearly. TCP/IP Model:- It has 4 layer. Transport layer does not guarantees the delivery of data. It is more reliable. TCP/IP cannot use any other application hence it is not general model. Follows vertical approach. No separate presentation layer. TCP/IP model dose not fit any protocol. IN TCP/IP replacing protocol is not easy. The network layer of TCP/IP provides only connectionless services. TCP/IP model dose not separate services, interface and protocol clearly.  
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Computer network, bridge, switch, router, hub

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Computer Networks:- Bridge:-  Used to connect multiple network or LAN segment. Filter data traffic. Bridge reduce the amount of traffic on a LAN by dividing it into two segment. It has two collision domain. Bridge are used in data link layer. Switch:- Layer two device. Full duplex. Maintain CAM table (Content Addressable Memory). First broadcast them unicast & multicast. Every port of switch is separate collision domain. Switch has one broadcast domain. 8/16/24/48 parts. HUB:- Layer 1 device. Electrical signal or bits. Half duplex. Command store MAC. Always broadcast. Signal collision domain. LAN device. Active & passive HUB. Router:- Layer-3 device. WAN device. Connect two or more network. Internetworking device. In router, every port has its own broadcast domain. Uses IP address, send in from of packet. Maintain routing table. 2/4/8 ports.    
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